{"id":2949,"date":"2021-05-17T06:31:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T06:31:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blockspaceballads.com\/?p=2949"},"modified":"2026-10-21T06:42:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T06:42:28","slug":"the-launch-of-parachains","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blockspaceballads.com\/?p=2949","title":{"rendered":"The Launch of Parachains"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The staged launch of Polkadot is about to reach another chapter. As we approach the launch of Parachain functionality and the auctions and crowd-loans behind them, let\u2019s look at what\u2019s coming.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By Gavin Wood<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The launch of Polkadot began around ten months ago with the first four phases; the last \u2014 a move to complete decentralisation and permissionlessness \u2014 happened finally at the end of July last year. Now, phase five, the final phase in the launch of Polkadot is beginning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polkadot is a heterogeneous scalable multichain<\/em>. In its brief history, Polkadot has demonstrated a highly decentralised and inclusive staking system (anyone with as little as 1 DOT may take part in Polkadot\u2019s staking system and be rewarded), seamless upgrades to its core logic and open, functional governance. However it has so far existed only as a single chain in isolation. With the launch of parachain functionality, this is about to change and the final vision of a heterogeneously sharded system is about to become reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last week, Parity Technologies (the core team behind the development of Polkadot\u2019s initial implementation) released Polkadot version 0.9 and with it a huge step forward. This release, now being run by the vast majority of the Kusama network, includes the requisite logic for deploying parachains to the network. It also includes the final logic for running parachain slot auctions and logic for crowdloans which can be used to crowd-fund the auction bids. Kusama has already been upgraded to the logic contained in this release (v9010) and so is now finally ready to host parachains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Timetable<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Polkadot\u2019s parachains launch is expected to begin once two things have happened: firstly, a full external audit should be completed on all new logic. Secondly, the Kusama canary network should have demonstrated that the new logic works in the wild<\/em> by executing at least one successful auction involving crowdloans and hosting at least one functional parachain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The audit in question has already begun and we expect it to be completed in the near future. The road to getting everything started on Kusama has already begun and is expected to be completed over the coming days in three steps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

First, a Shell<\/em> parachain will be deployed to it, which was just approved by governance today. The Shell parachain is an \u201cempty\u201d parachain \u2014 it produces blocks, but has no functionality beyond being upgradable. It has no concept of user accounts, staking, governance or balances. It doesn\u2019t even have the time-stamping module to understand \u201ctime\u201d. Instead, all it does is listen out for a message coming from the Relay Chain\u2019s governance apparatus authorizing it to upgrade. When such a message is received, the Shell parachain will allow itself to be upgraded to whatever new logic the Relay Chain has authorized. It is our staging ground, and as the first common-good parachain, it will be given identity 1,000 (the first system parachain will have identity 0). This requires a full governance motion and referendum which was already passed today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The second step is to do such an upgrade. In this case, governance will vote to upgrade the Shell parachain to become the Statemine<\/em> parachain. Statemine is the Kusama instance of Polkadot\u2019s Statemint<\/em> parachain, a common-good chain which allows the hosting of arbitrary assets, both fungible and non-fungible. It also serves as a low-cost chain for keeping and transferring the Relay Chain\u2019s native token (KSM\/DOT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We will propose the upgrade once we have seen 24 hours of the Shell parachain running without any issues and once the same upgrade has been successfully conducted on the Westend testnet. The upgrade will require a full governance motion and referendum just like the initial deployment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The third step is to begin the auctions. The network will do this once it has demonstrated that parachains with transactions and consensus<\/em> work well on the Kusama network with its highly decentralised 900 validators. We have already tested this on the Rococo testnet, however Kusama presents a somewhat less uniform foundation. Seeing Statemine work properly will provide the confidence that any third-party teams\u2019 chains will also work correctly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Much of the KSM pool is currently locked in Kusama\u2019s staking system and cannot be moved without seven days notice. The Kusama website will therefore announce the first auction\u2019s start date one week in advance, and along with it the expected timetable for further auctions. At present, the network is expected to commit to five auctions, each seven days apart. If no major issues are discovered, then further auctions can be made following them. After Kusama\u2019s first auctions complete successfully, one would expect Polkadot\u2019s auctions to happen soon after.<\/mark> When the final parameters of auctions have been determined, they will be published alongside the auction schedule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Future<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For the next two months, effort will be directed towards reliability, refactoring and performance. At present, transaction volume is intentionally capped to a conservative limit in order to minimise the chances of any systemic issues spanning from the current unoptimised implementation. Instead of around 2,000 milliseconds of work being executed within each block, the network only allows for 500 milliseconds, thereby reducing the effective transaction volume by more than 75%. As the code becomes faster and more robust, these artificial limits will be lifted and transaction volume will increase toward its theoretical limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following this restive period there are three new features, beyond those originally envisioned, in focus for Polkadot: Parathreads<\/em>, Off-chain XCMP<\/em> and Spree<\/em>. While work on all three will happen simultaneously, Parathreads will likely see the first release of the features and Spree, owing to its complexity, the last.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The feature of Parathreads has already had some great articles written about it, such as this one<\/a>. Put simply, Parathreads are pay-as-you-go parachains \u2014 they don\u2019t require the parachain team to win a parachain slot auction (or be accepted as a common-good parachain), rather the parachain code can just pay directly for each individual block it wishes to author. In the case that the parachain needs to author a block seldom (such as an oracle chain) or to author blocks only during particular periods, then the ability to author blocks without winning a permanent slot for 6 months at a time is very attractive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Off-chain XCMP<\/em> is an upgrade to the basic XCMP that was released with the 0.9 series. Whereas the basic XCMP allows messages to be passed between parachains by routing the message data through the Relay-chain, Off-chain XCMP achieves the same thing while routing data directly between the two parachains\u2019 collators. This means that the Relay Chain no longer sits as a bottleneck for message passing and makes it all highly scalable, yet retains the same level of security and decentralisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, Spree<\/em>, also known as Secure Protected Runtime Execution Enclaves<\/em>, is a feature allowing the same piece of logic to be securely and homogeneously sharded across all parachains. This allows parachains which do not trust each other\u2019s business logic or governance apparatus to nonetheless interact. Moving tokens between stranger-chains, maintaining the properties of NFTs as they migrate between chains and even sharing smart-contracts can all be achieved using this functionality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If you are a service provider in the<\/em> Polkadot<\/em><\/a> ecosystem and are unsure what this all means for you, please contact support@polkadot.network. You can watch what is happening with parachains, auctions and crowdloans on<\/em> Polkadot.js<\/em><\/a>. Chat about this and more on Element in the<\/em> Polkadot Watercooler<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

First published by Medium.com\/polkadotnetwork. All rights reserved.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shona translation by Rukudzo Onai<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The staged launch of Polkadot is about to reach another chapter. 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